I am not sure how to answer your questions precisely because it doesn't concern me too much if I collect or not.
In Bancroft, there is a site call CN Rock Dump. Anyone can go there to pick whatever they want. There are sodalite (blue and pink), agate, fluorite, nepheline, mica, and others beyond my limited knowledge.
I don't think we are allowed to collect in the conservation areas. Are there any other places along the York River where you can collect, you'll have to check with the town government.
When you go to a site with a club, the club's insurance covers any damages caused by the collectors to the mine and equipment. The participants have to sign a waiver. If we get injured, it's not covered by the club insurance.
My understanding is that the club membership does offer some extra privilege in terms of rockhounding. I have never looked into it.
I believe what and where one can collect, the provincial government has a webpage.